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Sensors for Ocean Color
Coastal Zone Color Scanner
The Coastal Zone Color Scanner, CZCS, worked for almost 8 years. The CZCS provided us a chlorophyll-a distribution of the globe. Fundamentals of ocean color remote sensing was established by this sensor.
Operational period from 1978 to 1986 Satellite NIMBUS-7 Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 955km Inclination angle 104.9degree Nodal period 104min Equator crossing time Sensor bands
S/N Ratio at high gain Objectives 1. 433-453nm 150 chlorophyll absorption 2. 510-530nm 140 chlorophyll concentration correlation 3. 540-560nm 125 yellow substance concentration 4. 660-680nm 100 aerosol absorption 5. 700-800nm 100 land cloud detection 6. 10.5-12.5µm surface temperature Spatial resolution 1 km Major products Phytoplankton pigment concentration Diffused attenuation coefficient Normalized water leaving radiance @ 440nm Normalized water leaving radiance @ 520nm Normalized water leaving radiance @ 550nm Aerosol radiance @ 670 nm Data archive center NASA/GSFC
The Ocean Color Temperature Scanner (OCTS) was launched with a blank of 10 years since the end of CZCS. OCTS serviced for 8 months with a global coverage of chlorophyll-a distribution and sea surface temperature. Immediately after the termination of OCTS, SeaWiFS was launched with a recognition of the importance of the ocean color monitoring.
Mission period from Nov. 1996 to June 1997 Satellite ADEOS Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 800km Inclination angle 98.6degree Nodal period 101minutes Equator crossing time 10:30 +/- 15 minutes Recurrent Period 41days Sensor bands
S/N Ratio Objectives 1. 402-422 nm 450 (S/N) chlorophyll, CDOM 2. 433-453 nm 500 (S/N) chlorophyll absorption 3. 480-500 nm 500 (S/N) pigment absorption 4. 510-530 nm 500 (S/N) chlorophyll concentration correlation 5. 555-575 nm 500 (S/N) pigment, optical properties, particles 6. 660-680 nm 500 (S/N) aerosol absorption 7. 745-785 nm 500 (S/N) atmospheric correction 8. 845-885 nm 450 (S/N) atmospheric correction 9. 3.55-3.88 µm 0.15 K (NEdT) surface temperature 10. 8.25-8.80 µm 0.15 K (NEdT) surface temperature 11. 10.3-11.4 µm 0.15 K (NEdT) surface temperature 12. 11.4-12.7 µm 0.2 K (NEdT) surface temperature Scanning mechanism Swath width 1400km Nadir spatial resolution 700m Scan period 0.905second Tilt angle -20, 0, +20degree Quantization 10bits Major products Phytoplankton pigment concentration Chlorophyll-a concentration Diffused attenuation coefficient Vegitation index Sea surface temperature Normalized water leaving radiance Aerosol radiance Data archive center JAXA/EOC
SeaWiFS was launched and operated jointly between NASA and OrbImage. Research users have an access to SeaWiFS data with an agreement with NASA. Commercial users are requested to purchase SeaWiFS data to OrbImage.
Mission period from Sep. 1997 Satellite OrbView-2(SeaStar) Orbit Sun synchronous orbit Nominal altitude 705km Inclination angle 98.2degree Nodal period 98.9minutes Equator crossing time 12:00 +/- 20minutes Recurrent period 1day Sensor bands
S/N ratio at high gain Objectives 1. 402-422nm 150 dissolved organic matter (include Gelbstoffe) 2. 433-453nm chlorophyll absorption 3. 480-500nm pigment absorption (Case 2), K(490) 4. 500-520nm 140 chlorophyll absorption 5. 545-565nm 125 pigments, optical properties, sediments 6. 660-680nm 100 atmospheric correction (CZCS heritage) 7. 745-785nm 100 atmospheric correction, aerosol radiance 8. 845-885nm 100 atmospheric correction, aerosol radiance Scanning mechanism Scan angle 58.3deg(LAC) 45.0(GAC) Swath width 2800km(LAC) 1500km(GAC) Nadir spatial resolution 1.13km(LAC) 4.5km(GAC) Scan period 0.167second Tilt angle -20, 0, +20degree Quantization 10bits Major products Phytoplankton pigment concentration Diffused attenuation coefficient Normalized water leaving radiance @ 440nm Normalized water leaving radiance @ 520nm Data archive center NASA/GSFC
MODIS is the multi-purpose sensor. Two MODISs on Terra, launched in 1999, and on Aqua, launched in 2002, provide opportunities of observations in the morning around 10:30 and in the afternoon around 13:30 in the local time.
Mission period from 1999 No.1 satellite Terra Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 705km Inclination angle 98degree Nodal period 99minutes Equator crossing time 10:30 Recurrent period 16days No.2 satellite Aqua Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 705km Inclination angle 98degree Nodal period 99minutes Equator crossing time 13:30 Recurrent period Sensor bands
Objectives Spatial resolution
(m)
Target radiance
(W.m-2.µm-1sr-1)
Design S/N ratio 1 620 - 670 nm Land, cloud. Aerosol identification 250 21.8 128 2 841 - 876 250 24.7 201 3 459 - 479 Ocean color and bio-chemistry 500 35.3 243 4 545 - 565 500 29 228 5 1230 - 1250 500 5.4 74 6 1628 - 1652 500 7.3 275 7 2105 - 2155 500 1 110 8 405 - 420 Ocean color and bio-chemistry 1000 44.9 880 9 438 - 448 1000 41.9 838 10 483 - 493 1000 32.1 802 11 526 - 536 1000 27.9 754 12 546 - 556 1000 21 750 13 662 - 672 1000 9.5 910 14 673 - 683 1000 8.7 1087 15 743 - 753 1000 10.2 586 16 862 - 877 1000 6.2 516 17 890 - 920 Atmosphere and vapor 1000 10 167 18 931 - 941 1000 3.6 57 19 915 - 965 1000 15 250
Objectives Spatial resolution(m) Target radiance
(W.m-2.µm-1sr-1)Design NEdT 20 3.660 - 3.840µm Surface and cloud temperature 1000 0.05 21 3.929 - 3.989 1000 2 22 3.929 - 3.989 1000 0.07 23 4.020 - 4.080 1000 0.07 24 4.433 - 4.498 Atmosphere temperature 1000 0.25 25 4.482 - 4.549 1000 0.25 26 1.360 - 1.390 cirrus and vapor 6 150(SNR) 27 6.535 - 6.895 1000 0.25 28 7.175 - 7.475 1000 0.25 29 8.400 - 8.700 Cloud characterization 1000 0.05 30 9.580 - 9.880 Ozone 1000 0.25 31 10.780 - 11.280 Surface and cloud temperature 1000 0.05 32 11.770 - 12.270 1000 0.05 33 13.185 - 13.485 Cloud altitude 1000 0.25 34 13.485 - 13.785 1000 0.25 35 13.785 - 14.085 1000 0.25 36 14.085 - 14.385 1000 0.35 Scanning mechanism Swath width 2330km(cross track) by 10km(along track at nadir) Scan period 0.049second (cross track) Data archive center NASA/GSFC
MERIS is a multi-purpose sensor, which covers ocean, atmosphere, vegetation and cryosphere observation. MERIS is a push-bloom sensor and a multi-band sensor with a variable band width.
Operation period from March 2002 Satellite ENVISAT Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 720-820km Inclination angle 98.6degree Nodal period Equator crossing time 10:00 Recurrent period 35dyas Sensor bands Band selective from 390 to 1040 nm Band width selective 1.25 nm spectrum resolution 15 central wavelength 15µW.m-2.nm-1.sr-1 Scanning mechanism Scan width 68.5degree Push bloom 1150km Nadir spatial resolution 250m×250m Data archive center ESA/ESRIN
GLI is a multi-purpose sensor, which covers ocean, atmosphere, vegetation and cryosphere observation.
Operation period from Dec. 2002 Satellite ADEOS-II Orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Nominal altitude 802.9km Inclination angle 98.62degree Nodal period 101minutes Equator crossing time Recurrent period 4days sensor bands
wavelength objectives spatial resolution 1 375-385 Ocean, Atmosphere, Cryosphere/td> 1km 2 395-405 Ocean 1km 3 405-417 Ocean 1km 4 438-448 Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 5 455-465 Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 6 485-495 Ocean 1km 7 515-525 Ocean, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 8 540-550 Ocean, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 9 560-570 Ocean, Land 1km 10 620-630 Ocean 1km 11 661-671 Ocean 1km 12 675-685 Ocean 1km 13 673-683 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 14 705-715 Ocean 1km 15 705-715 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 16 744-754 Ocean 1km 17 759-767 Land, Atmosphere 1km 18 855-875 Ocean 1km 19 860-870 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 20 425-495 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 21 520-570 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 22 630-690 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 23 770-880 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 24 1040-1060 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 25 1100-1170 Atmosphere 1km 26 1230-1250 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 27 1360-1400 Atmosphere 1km 28 1540-1740 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 29 2100-2320 Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 250m 30 3.55-3.88 µm Ocean, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 31 6.45-6.95 Atmosphere 1km 32 7.05-7.55 Atmosphere 1km 33 7.25-7.75 Atmosphere 1km 34 8.35-8.85 Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 35 10.3-11.3 Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km 36 11.5-12.5 Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Cryosphere 1km Scanning mechanism Scan width 1600km Nadir spatial resolution 1km or 250m Tilt angle -20, 0, +20degree Quantification 10bits
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